The 2020 Challenge: Endnotes

Notes
1 Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, New York: Meridian Book Edition, 1956, p. 30.
2 Ibid, p. 37.
3 Peter Farb, Humankind, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1978, p. 431.
4 Ibid, p. 432.
5 Ibid, p. 432.
6 Barbara Hubbard, Conscious Evolution, Novato, CA: New World Library, 1998.
7 See Chapter Two of my book, Awakening Earth, New York: William Morrow, 1993.
8 T. S. Eliot, Four Quartets, New York: Harcourt & Brace, 1943.
9 William D. Ruckelshaus, "Toward a Sustainable World," Scientific American, September 1989, p. 167.
10 Elizabeth Dowdeswell, "Lessons Learned in Sustainable Development," from a speech, 1998.
11 Kevin Kelly, "Deep Evolution: The Emergence of Postdarwinism," Whole Earth Review, Sausalito, California, Fall 1992, p. 15.
12 Lewis Thomas, The Fragile Species, New York: Macmillan, 1992.
13 Stephen Moore, "The Coming Age of Abundance," The True State of the Planet, New York: The Free Press, 1995, p. 110.
14 Fred Smith, "Reappraising Humanity's Challenges, Humanity's Opportunities," in The True State of the Planet, p. 379.
15 Julian Simon, The Ultimate Resource 2, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996, p. 12.
16 Ibid., p. 12.
17 The "Warning to Humanity" was sponsored by the Union of Concerned Scientists, 26 Church St., Cambridge, MA 02238.
18 Climate Change 1995: The IPCC Second Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
19 Molly O'Meara, "The Risks of Disrupting Climate," World-Watch, November/December, 1997, p. 12.
20 Simon Retallack, "Kyoto: Our Last Chance," The Ecologist, November-December, 1997.
21 Kenneth A. Dahlberg, "World Food Problems: Making the Transition from Agriculture to Regenerative Food Systems," in Dennis Pirages, ed., Building Sustainable Societies, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996, p. 263.
22 Reviewer comment by Donella Meadows, July 1998.
23 William Calvin, "The Great Climate Flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly, January 1998, p. 47.
24 Calvin, Ibid.
25 Calvin, Ibid.
26 World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment: 1996-97, A publication by The World Resources Institute, The United Nations Environment Programme, The United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, p. xi.
27 Ibid., p. 173.
28 The World Bank's mid-range projections are that global population will reach 8.4 billion in 2025 and slightly more than 10 billion by 2050 (reference: Paul Raskin, Michael Chadwick, Tim Jackson, and Gerald Leach, The Sustainability Transition: Beyond Conventional Development, Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute, SEI/UNEP, 1996, p. 21). Recently revised (1996) world population estimates by the United Nations give mid-range projections of 8.04 billion people by 2025 and 9.37 billion by 2050 (reference: World Population Prospects: The 1996 Revision, United Nations, forthcoming; presented in the United Nations Report on the World Social Situation 1997, New York: United Nations, 1997, p. 14). The Population Reference Bureau's World Population Data Sheet for 1998 projects a world population of 8.08 billion in 2025 (reference: World Population Prospects: The 1996 Revision, United Nations, forthcoming; presented in the United Nations Report on the World Social Situation 1997, New York: United Nations, 1997, p. 14).
20 Simon Retallack, "Kyoto: Our Last Chance,29 Joby Warrick, "A Warning of Mass Extinction," Washington Post, April 21, 1998.
30 Ellen Futter, quoted in "The Fastest Mass Extinction in Earth's History," World Watch magazine, September/October 1998, p. 6.
31 Lester Brown, "The Future of Growth," in State of the World 1998, New York: W.W. Norton, p. 11.
32 Bob Holmes, "Life Support," New Scientist, England, August 15, 1998.
33 John Tuxill and Chris Bright, "Losing Strands in the Web of Life," in State of the World 1998, New York: W.W. Norton, 1998, p. 42.
34 Sandra Postel, "Water for Food Production: Will There Be Enough in 2025?," BioScience, Vol. 48, No. 8, August 1998.
35 John Ibid, p. 635.
36 John Paul Simon, Tapped Out, Welcome Rain Publishers, 1998 (quoted in Parade Magazine, August 23, 1998).
37 John Colin Campbell and Jean Laherrere, "The End of Cheap Oil," Scientific American, March, 1998, p. 78.
38 John Ibid., p. 81.
39 John Ibid., p. 81.
40 John Ibid., p. 82.
41 Personal communication with reviewer Dana Meadows, who is an organic farmer as well as a global researcher.
42 Lester Pearson, quoted in Changing Images of Man, O.W. Markley and Willis Harman (eds.), New York: Pergamon Press, 1982, p. 13.
43 Source: UNDP, Human Development Report 1992, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
44 Nicholas Kristof, "Human Costs of Asian Meltdown," San Francisco Chronicle, June 9, 1998.
45 Patrick Tyler, "In China's Outlands, Poorest Grow Poorer," The New York Times, October 26, 1996, p. 1.
46 Quoted in World Watch, July/August 1998, p. 37.
47 Lester Brown, Who Will Feed China, New York: W. W. Norton, 1995, p. 132.
48 Lester Brown, "Who Will Feed China," The Futurist, January-February 1996, p. 14.
49 Mike Marien, reviewer comments, July 1998.
50 William Ruckelshaus, "Toward a Sustainable World," Scientific American, September 1989, p. 168.
51 Lester Brown, "The Future of Growth," in State of the World 1998, New York: W.W. Norton: 1998, p. 12.
52 Ibid, p. 12.
53 Ibid., p. 13.
54 Ibid., p. 14.
55 Larry Rasmussen, Earth Community Earth Ethics, New York: Orbis Books, 1998, p. 260.
56 James George, Asking for the Earth, MA: Element Books, 1995, p. 153.
57 Luther Standing Bear quoted in Joseph Epes Brown, "Modes of Contemplation Through Action: North American Indians," Main Currents in Modern Thought, New York, November-December, 1973, p. 194.
58 See, for example, H. E. Puthoff, "The Energetic Vacuum," Speculations in Science and Technology (Vol. 13, No. 4, 1990).
59 Lee Smolin, The Life of the Cosmos, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 252-253.
60 Brian Swimme, The Hidden Heart of the Cosmos, New York: Orbis Books, 1996, p. 100.
61 John Gribbin, In the Beginning: The Birth of the Living Universe, New York: Little, Brown and Co., 1993.
62 Andrew Greeley and William McCready, "Are We a Nation of Mystics?" New York Times Magazine, January 26, 1975.
63 National Opinion Research, November 1994.
64 Princeton Survey Research Associates for Newsweek, November 1994; Gallup August 1976.
65 Princeton Survey Research Associates for Newsweek, June 1996; Gallup, September 1949.
66 Joseph Jaworski, Synchronicity: The Inner Path of Leadership, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1996.
67 Tachi Kiuchi, "Business Lessons From the Rain Forest," The Futurist, January-February 1998, p. 52. (also available at this website: http://www.newhorizons.org/wwart_kiuchi.html .)
68 Joseph N. Pelton, "The Globalization of Universal Telecommunications Services," in Universal Telephone Service: Ready for the 21st Century? (Institute for Information Studies, A Joint Program of Northern Telecom Inc., and the Aspen Institute, Queenstown, MD, 1991), p. 145.
69 Ibid, p. 156.
70 John Midwinter, "Convergence of Telecommunications, Cable and Computers in the 21st Century: A Personal View of the Technology," in Crossroads on the Information Highway (Annual review of the Institute for Information Studies, Aspen Institute, and Northern Telecom, 1995), p. 62.
71 U.S. News & World Report, January 6, 1997, p. 60; International Data Group, MacWorld Magazine, January, 1997, p. 169; and Paul Taylor, "Internet Users Likely to Reach 500m by 2000," Financial Times, May 13, 1996.
72 Leslie Helm, "A Computer Engineer Shares His Thoughts on the Web of the Future," Los Angeles Times, 1998.
73 Ibid.
74 Robert M. Entman, "The Future of Universal Service in Telecommunications," in Universal Telephone Service, op. Cit. p. ix.
75 Peter Russell, The Global Brain Awakens, Palo Alto, CA: Global Brain, Inc., 1995, p. 140.
76 Joseph N. Pelton, op. cit., p. 171.
77 "Fiber to Subscriber" Source: Bell Northern Research, quoted in Pelton, op. cit., p. 154.
78 Joseph Pelton, "Telecommunications for the 21st Century," in Scientific American, April 1998.
79 John Evans, "New Satellites for Personal Communications," Scientific American, April, 1998, p. 77.
80 Lester Brown, et al., Vital Signs 1998, New York: W.W. Norton, 1998, p. 22.
81 Payal Sampat, "Internet Use Grows Exponentially," In Vital Signs, Lester Brown, et al., Worldwatch Institute, Washington, 1998, p. 98.
82 Environics International, news release, June 5, 1998, "Citizens Worldwide Want Teeth Added to Environmental Laws," Washington, D.C.
83 Riley E. Dunlap, "International Attitudes Towards Environment and Development," in Green Globe Yearbook 1994, an independent publication from the Fritjof Nansen Institute, Norway, (Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 125.
84 Ronald Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton University Press, 1997.
85 Ibid.
86 Ibid., p. 328.
87Yearning for Balance: Views of Americans on Consumption, Materialism, and the Environment, A report by the Harwood Group about a survey conducted for the Merck Family Fund, 6930 Carroll Ave., Takoma Park, MD (July, 1995).
88 Paul Ray, "The Rise of Integral Culture," Noetic Sciences Review, Sausalito, CA: Institute of Noetic Sciences, Spring 1996.
89 Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, (Abridgement of Vol's I-VI, by D.C. Somerville), New York: Oxford University Press, 1947, p. 198.
90 Ibid, p. 208.
91 Pitirim Sorokin, The Ways and Power of Love, Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1967 (originally copyright 1954).
92 Donella Meadows, et al., Beyond the Limits, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1992, p. 233.
93 Gender and Society: Status and Stereotypes. An International Gallup Poll Report, The Gallup Organization, Princeton, N.J., March 1996.
94 Susan Davis quoted in, "Women Leaders Review Earth Charter," Boston Research Center for the 21st Century, Newsletter, Fall 1997, p. 6. Also see her article: "Principle-Centered Evolution: A Feminist Environmentalist Perspective," in Women's Views on the Earth Charter, Boston Research Center, November 1997.
95 Desmond Tutu, "South Africa: A Beacon of Hope," Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures, Bainbridge Island: WA, Fall 1998, p. 41.
96 Ibid.
97 John Bond, "Aussie Apology," Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures, Bainbridge Island: WA, Fall 1998, p. 22.
98 Ibid.
99 Brian Muldoon, The Heart of Conflict, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1993, pp. 195-196.
100 See, for example, the role of Indigenous and Tribal peoples in the "Earth Charter," in Buddhist Perspectives on the Earth Charter, Boston: Boston Research Center for the 21st Century, November 1997.
101 See, for example, George Barna, The Index of Leading Spiritual Indicators, Dallas, Texas; Word Publishing, 1996.
102 Quoted in Stephen B. Oates, Let the Trumpets Sound: The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr., New York: New American Library, 1982, p. 226.
103 The designation of modern humans as Homo sapiens sapiens is widespread; see, for example: Joseph Campbell, Historical Atlas of World Mythology, Vol I: The Way of the Animal Powers, Part 1: "Mythologies of the Primitive Hunters and Gatherers", New York: Harper and Row, Perennial Library, 1988, p. 22. Richard Leakey, The Making of Mankind, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1981, p. 18. Mary Maxwell, Human Evolution: A Philosophical Anthropology, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984, p. 294. John Pfeiffer, The Creative Explosion: An Inquiry into the Origins of Art and Religion, New York, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982, p. 13.
104 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, New York: Harper & Row, 1959, p. 181.
105 Ibid., p. 165.
106 Clive Ponting, "The Lessons of Easter Island," in A Green History of the World, London: Penguin Books, 1992, p. 168.
107 Ibid., p. 169.
108 Ibid.
109 Jared Diamond, "Easter's End," Discover Magazine, August 1995, p. 68.
110 Ibid.
111 Jared Diamond, "Easter Island Tells Tale of Warning," San Diego Union-Tribune, October 25, 1995.
112 Alan Weisman, "Gaviotas: Oasis of the Imagination," in Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures, Bainbridge Island, WA, Summer, 1998, p. 36.
113 Ibid, p. 36.
114 Donella Meadows, "Village Thrives on Sun, Ingenuity and Spirit," The Global Citizen Column, Valley News, March 14, 1998.
115 Adapted from an article by Alan Weisman in the Los Angeles Times Sunday Magazine, September 25, 1994. In Context, #42, Context Institute, Fall 1995.
116 Alan Weisman, Gaviotas: A Village to Reinvent the World, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1998, p. 8.
117 Ibid, p. 218.
118 Weisman, op. cit., p. 219.
119 Weisman, op. cit., p. 222.
120 Juanita Brown and David Isaacs, "Conversation as a Core Business Practice," The Systems Thinker, Vol. 7., No. 10, December 1996, Pegasus Communications, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
121 Many U.S. citizens do not realize that Electronic Town Meetings are fully legitimate expressions of democracy and are strongly supported across a broad spectrum of U. S. Constitutional and communications law: 1) The legal cornerstone for an electronically supported democracy is the First Amendment to the Constitution which states that, "Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech...or the right of people to peaceably assemble, and to petition for a redress of grievances." These three rights-free speech, peaceful assembly, and petition-are fundamental to ETMs represent a natural and direct expression of these rights in the communications era. 2) The airwaves belong to the American people and it is a paramount right that the airwaves be used to serve the "public interest, convenience, and necessity." For example, in 1969 the Supreme Court ruled that, "It is the right of the viewers and listeners, not the right of the broadcasters, which is paramount." The Supreme Court also ruled that, "it is the purpose of the First Amendment to preserve an uninhibited marketplace of ideas in which truth will ultimately prevail, rather than to countenance monopolization of that market, whether it be by the government itself or a private licensee." In short, the rights of broadcasters do not give them the right to deny free speech, electronic assembly, and petition to citizens. 3) The public has a duty to take an active role in defining and realizing its communication rights as new technologies make new opportunities possible. A 1966 U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that: "Under our system, the interests of the public are dominant....Hence, individual citizens and the communities they compose owe a duty to themselves and their peers to take an active interest in the scope and quality of television service which stations and networks provide...Nor need the public feel that in taking a hand in broadcasting they are unduly interfering in the private business affairs of others. On the contrary, their interest in television programming is direct and their responsibilities important. They are the owners of the channels of television -- indeed, of all broadcasting."
122 Lester Brown and Jennifer Mitchell, "Building a New Economy," in State of the World 1998, Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1998, p. 187.
123 George Gallup, Jr., "50 Years of American Opinion," San Francisco Chronicle, October 21, 1985.
124 Ibid., p. 2.
125 Adapted from the report I authored, Collective Consciousness and Cultural Healing, Michigan: The Fetzer Institute, October 1997.
126 Stuart Hart, "Strategies for a Sustainable World," Harvard Business Review, January/February 1997, p. 71.
127 I appreciate this suggestion given by the reviewer Nicholas Parker.
128 Alan Thein Durning and Yoram Bauman, Tax Shift, Seattle, WA: Northwest Environment Watch, 1997.
129 Paul Hawken, "Natural Capitalism," Mother Jones, March/April 1997, p. 51.
130 Michael Ray and Alan Rinzler, The New Paradigm in Business, Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1993, p. 7.
131 Global Consciousness Change: Indicators of an Emerging Paradigm, Duane Elgin, principal author, San Anselmo, CA: Millennium Project, May 1997. (an excerpt is available at this website)

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